How to Test Speaking Skills in Japan

130 Tensai, T L (2016) Getting started with conversation tests The Lan guage Teacher, 40 (3), 34-37 Underhill, N (1987) Testing spoken language: A handbook of oral testing techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Watanabe, Y (2008) Teacher factors mediating washback In L Cheng, Y Watanabe, & A Curtis (Eds), Washback in language testing: Research contexts and methods (pp 129-146) New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers Weir, C (2005) Language testing and validation: An evidence-based ap proach New York: Palgrave MacMillan Yoshida, K (2003) Language education policy in Japan—The prob lem of espoused objectives versus practice The Modern Language Journal, 87 (ii), 290-292